Which theory emphasizes that deviant behavior is learned through interactions?

Social learning theory is a key framework in understanding how deviant behavior is acquired through social interactions. This theory posits that individuals learn behaviors, norms, and values, including those deemed deviant, primarily through their associations and interactions with others. It emphasizes the role of observation, imitation, and modeling; people observe the behaviors of those around them and subsequently imitate those they view positively or identify with.

For instance, if a person is surrounded by peers who engage in criminal activities, they may learn to view such behaviors as acceptable or even necessary for achieving social acceptance or status. This emphasis on the social context of learning distinguishes social learning theory from other perspectives, as it highlights that deviance is not an intrinsic quality of the individual but instead a product of their social environment.

In contrast, labeling theory focuses more on societal reactions to behavior rather than the origins of the behavior itself, while strain theory discusses how societal pressures can lead to deviance. Control theory concentrates on the factors that prevent individuals from engaging in deviant behavior rather than how that behavior is acquired. Each of these theories contributes to our understanding of crime and deviance but from different angles, with social learning theory standing out in its focus on learned interactions.