Which of the following best summarizes the criticism of the liberation thesis?

The liberation thesis, proposed by sociologist Freda Adler, suggests that as women gain more social and economic freedom, their involvement in crime will increase, reflecting more traditionally male behaviors and crime patterns. The criticism that best summarizes the shortcomings of this thesis relates to its failure to take into account the historical context of women's criminality.

This perspective overlooks how women's roles, societal expectations, and the nature of their criminality have evolved over time. Historically, women have often been confined to certain roles that limit their opportunities for criminal behavior and the types of crimes they commit. By not recognizing this historical context, the liberation thesis runs the risk of oversimplifying the complexities of women's experiences and the factors that drive their involvement in crime.

Other criticisms might touch on aspects like socio-economic factors or the diversity of women's experiences, but the most significant critique centers on the historical perspective, as it roots women's criminality in a more nuanced social and cultural history instead of viewing it merely through the lens of liberation and changing roles in contemporary society.