What is primary deviance, according to Lemert?

Primary deviance, as defined by sociologist Edwin Lemert, refers to deviant acts that are not publicly labelled or recognized as deviant. These acts can be minor in nature and do not significantly alter the individual’s self-image or societal perception. Lemert argued that people engage in primary deviance without being caught or publicly labeled, meaning they might not face societal reactions or consequences for their behavior which allows them to maintain a normal self-concept. This concept is crucial in understanding the distinction between initial deviance and the more serious consequences that arise from societal labeling, which can lead to secondary deviance.

In contrast, well-known deviant acts that are publicly condemned or those that lead to criminal charges would imply the presence of societal awareness and reaction, while publicly labelled acts involve a significant societal response that can further influence an individual’s identity and behavior.