In what way do 'subcultures' contribute to deviance?

Subcultures contribute to deviance primarily by creating conflict with mainstream societal values. Members of subcultures often develop their own norms, values, and behaviors that may differ significantly from those of the larger society. This divergence can lead to actions and attitudes that are seen as deviant when viewed through the lens of mainstream culture.

For example, a subculture may embrace styles, beliefs, or practices that challenge dominant cultural norms, such as certain musical genres, fashion choices, or philosophies of life that are not accepted by the broader society. This tension between subcultures and the dominant culture highlights the existence of multiple social realities, where what is considered normal or acceptable can differ based on the cultural framework one identifies with. As a result, the behaviors and practices of subcultures can be labeled as deviant when they stand in opposition to the values upheld by the mainstream.

In comparison, reinforcing mainstream societal norms would likely lead to conformity rather than deviance. Promoting total acceptance of all behaviors contradicts the very notion of deviance, which relies on the idea that some behaviors fall outside societal approval. Similarly, the notion of eliminating deviance undermines the complexity of human behavior and societal functions, as deviance is integral to discussions about social